J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32: 163–166 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00653.x
Metronidazole concentrations in Ene-Renate Pa¨hkla1, Taive Koppel1,
2Pharmacology, University of Tartu, Tartu,Estonia
Pa¨hkla E-R, Koppel T, Saag M, Pa¨hkla R: Metronidazole concentrations in plasma,saliva and periodontal pockets in patients with periodontitis. J Clin Peridontol 2005;32:163–166. doi: 10.1111/j.1600–051X.2005.00653.x. r Blackwell Munksgaard,2005.
AbstractObjectives: Metronidazole is widely used antibacterial compound in the treatment ofsome types of periodontal disease. Pharmacokinetics of metronidazole in plasma hasbeen well-described but few data exist about penetration f the drug to the gingivalcrevice fluid. The aim of the present study was to compare the concentrations ofmetronidazole in plasma, saliva and gingival crevice fluid in patients withperiodontitis after multiple administration. Materials and methods: Eleven patients with severe generalised adult periodontitisparticipated in the study. Metronidazole, 500 mg, was administered orally two or threetimes per day for at least 2 days before sample collection. Samples were collected 2 hafter last dose. Metronidazole concentrations in all fluids were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Mean drug concentrations in palsma, saliva and crevice fluid were 14.33,15.15 and 12.86 mg/ml, respectively. Difference between plasma and crevice fluid orbetween plasma and saliva did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Present study revealed that metronidazole penetrates well into gingivalcrevice fluid and saliva. Metronidazole concentrations in crevice fluid are about equal
Key words: gingival fluid; metronidazole;
to the protein unbound drug concentrations in plasma. Therefore, general
pharmacokinetic data of metronidazole can be also applied in the treatment ofperiodontal disease and in the design of respective treatment regimens.
Berglundh et al. 1998, Winkel et al.
periodontitis (van Winkelhoff et al.
netics of drug at the infection site (Slots
et al. 2001, Slots & Ting 2002). Several
Table 1. Number of tablets taken by patients per day and individual and mean Æ SD
metronidazole concentrations (mg/l) in plasma, saliva and gingival crevice fluid
parison, concentrations in adipous tissue
and colonic mucosa were significantlylower than respective plasma or serum
formed almost two decades ago whenprecise determination methodology was
not available. Bioassay measuring thetotal bacteriostatic activity of the sam-
flow rate of gingival crevice fluid (Britt
dontitis after multiple administration.
were kept frozen overnight at À 201C.
labelled plastic microtube per patient.
ethics committee of University of Tartu.
tion of study protocol and signed written
was transferred to the autosampler vial.
tamination of sampling area with saliva.
periodontitis were selected to the study.
perature 22–251C (room temperature).
specificity, limit of detection and quan-
fluid samples, for calibration curve con-
tification, linearity, precision and accu-
variability, stability in the freezer and
over concentration range 0.1–50 mg/ml.
Metronidazole pharmacokinetics in periodontitis
between plasma and tissue was reached.
ness of fit of linear regression, r2, was
flow rate. As antibiotics are used in the
(coefficient of variation in the determi-
state is a key factor of effectiveness. In
dent from the results table, the percent-
all patients included to the present study
À 3.66 to 0.33% in all concentrations.
(Winkel et al. 1997, Slots & Ting 2002).
tions in samples of different origin with
height (Lau et al. 1992, Lamp et al.
microdialysis (Karjagin et al. 2004).
the infection site are of critical impor-
events were registered during the study.
study at the same patients but as results
crevice fluid obtained per patient ranged
into gingival crevice fluid and saliva.
unbound drug concentrations in plasma.
did not reach statistical significance.
good circulation, e.g. muscular tissue.
collection after drug administration.
Estonian Science Foundation No. 5756.
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Perioperative penetration of metronidazole
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into muscle tissue: a microdialysis study.
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CARE OF ORPHANED AND REJECTED FOALS A foal may be orphaned because of its dam’s death, rejected due to antagonistic behaviour orundernourished because of an inadequate milk supply. Alternative means of maintenance must be founduntil it is at least five months of age. Always be guided by your Vet or suitably experienced person. Fostering Finding a nurse mare has many advantages, but they a
ADRIANO CANZIAN – Bio EN ADRIANO CANZIAN studied sculpture and graphics, and then painting and contemporary art at Accademia delle Belle Arti in Rome, the city where he moved at 19. In 1995, he began exhibiting his work at various art galleries in Rome, London, Paris and New York. In the meantime, he moved to Paris in 2000 and started a parallel career as a music producer, working with t
J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32: 163–166 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00653.x
Metronidazole concentrations in Ene-Renate Pa¨hkla1, Taive Koppel1,
2Pharmacology, University of Tartu, Tartu,Estonia
Pa¨hkla E-R, Koppel T, Saag M, Pa¨hkla R: Metronidazole concentrations in plasma,saliva and periodontal pockets in patients with periodontitis. J Clin Peridontol 2005;32:163–166. doi: 10.1111/j.1600–051X.2005.00653.x. r Blackwell Munksgaard,2005.