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Farmaca in verband met het autonoom zenuwstelsel Geneesmiddelen i.v.m. cholinerge transmissie
Muscarine agonisten = parasympathicomimetica
(acetylcholine), carbachol, methacholine, bethanechol (Muscarine®), pilocarpine
Muscarine antagonisten = parasympathicolytica, anticholinergica
atropine (hyoscyamine), (scopolamine (hyoscine)), glycopyrrolaat, butylscopolamine (Buscopan Compositum®, icm. dipyrone (pyrazolonderivaat), DGK)
neostigmine, pyridostigmine, fysostigmine/eserine
gallamine, pancuronium, tubocurarine (curare), atracurium
succinylcholine, decamethonium (geen DGK preparaten)
Geneesmiddelen i.v.m. noradrenerge transmissie Neurotransmitters
adrenaline (epinefrine), noradrenaline (norepinefrine), dopamine "-methyldopa, reserpine, bretylium, guanethidine, tyramine, amfetamine, efedrine, (isoprenaline)
humaan: fenoterol (Berotec®), salbutamol (Ventolin®, ook KHD), terbutaline (Bricanyl®), orciprenaline (Alupent®) DGK: clenbuterol (Ventipulmin®, bronchiaal; Planipart®, uterus), (isoxsuprine (Duvadilan®, uit de handel)) etylefrine (Effortil®), fenylefrine, efedrine
("1 selectieve antagonisten) – niet in DGK
humaan: atenolol (Tenormin®), propanolol (Inderal®), oxprenolol (Trasicor®),
Farmaca met een invloed op het centrale zenuwstelsel Serotoninerg systeem
buspirone (agonist), fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Seroxat)
benzodiazepines (minor tranquillizers, Diazepam, Valium), barbituraten (hypnotica)
Psychotrope farmaca Psycholeptica Neuroleptica Major
Butyrofenonen: haloperidol (Haldol), fluanisone, doperidol, azoperone (Stresnil) Fenothiazines: piperazine fenothiazine, alifatische fenothiazinen, chloorpromazine, promazine (Prazine), acetylpromazine (Placivet, ACP), trimeprazine Dopamine agonisten: bromocriptine (Parlodel®), cabergoline (Galastop®)
Benzodiazepines: chloordiazepoxide (Librium), diazepam (Valium), midazolam (Dormicum), zolazepam (Zoletil), clonazepam (Rivotril)
xylazine (Rompun), detomidine (Domosedan), romifidine (Sedivet),
medetomidine (Domitor), dexmedetomidine (Dexdomitor)
"1 en "2 antagonisten (zie autonoom zenuwstelsel)
barbituraten: thiopental (Pentothal), pentobarbital (Nembutal), fenobarbital (Luminal)
procaïne, lidocaïne (Xylocaïne), mepivacaïne (Scandicaïne), (ravocaïne),
bupivacaïne, oxybuprocaïne, tetracaïne
halothaan, isofluraan (Isoflo®), (methoxyfluraan, enfluraan, cyclopropaan), sevoflurane, desflurane, N2O (lachgas)
barbituraten (Fenobarbital), primidone (Mysoline®), fenytoïne (Difenylhydantoïne®), benzodiazepines (diazepam (Valium®), clonazepam (Rivotril®))
diazepam, tetrazepam, gajacolglycerine-ether (guaifenesine, Myorelax), baclofen
Andere centraal werkzame farmaca Ontstekingsremmers
salicylzuur, natriumsalicylaat, methylsalicylaat, acetylsalicylzuur (Aspirine)
antipyretische-analgetische: antipyrine, isopyrine, amino-pyramidon,
noramidopyrine/metamizol (Novalgine, Vetalgin®)
flunixine meglumine (Finadyne), tolfenamzuur (Tolfidine), (meclofenaminezuur
ketoprofen (Ketofen), ibuprofen (Brufen), naproxen (Equiproxen), carprofen
piroxicam (Feldene), meloxicam (Metacam)
tepoxalin (Zubrin®, pyrrolizone verbinding)
Narcotische analgetica of morfine-analgetica
morfine en half-syntethische opiaten, fentanyl (en alfentanil, sufentanil, carfentanil), meperidine (Dolantine®), methadone (Mephenon®), pentazocine (Fortal®), etorfine (Immobilon®), buprenorfine (Temgesic®), butorfanol (Torbugesic®, Torbutol®)
Autocoïden Histamine antagonisten
humaan: loratidine (Claritine), terfenadine (Triludan), cetirizine (Zyrtec), astemizole (Hismanal) DGK: hydroxyzine (Vetaraxoid), (tripelenamine (Vetibenzamine))
(Histaminevrijzetting blokkeerders) H2 antihistaminica
cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine
Prostaglandines & analogen (misoprostol (Cytotec®))
Hormonen ACTH = corticotropine
Corticosteroïden
Mineralocorticoïden
11-desoxycorticosteron
corticosterone, hydrocortisone (cortisol), cortisone prednisone, prednisolone, fluoroprednisolone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, betamethasone
Hormonen met een invloed op de geslachtsorganen Releasing
gonadotropineRH (GnRH), busereline (Receptal), gonadoreline (Fertagyl), (Ovalyse)
oestrone, oestriol, oestradiol, equiline, equilenine, hippuline, ginesteïne,
zeranol; diethylstilboestrol (DES), hexoestrol, dienoestrol
progesteron; medroxyprogesteronacetaat (MAP), megestrolacetaat (MGA),
chloormadinonacetaat (CAP), norethistosteron/17-ethinyl-19-nortestosteron, levonorgestrel, proligeston
Preparaten gebruikt in illegale vetmesting: oestradiol, ethinyloestradiol, testosteron, methyltestosteron, trenbolone, progesteron, medroxyprogesteron, zeranol
(Somatostatine = somatotropine inhibitory factor)
runder-groeihormoon (BST), varken-GH (PST), long-acting: methionyl-BST
andere GM met remmende werking op schildklier: NSAID, glucocorticoïden, $-antagonisten
Oxytocine
Cardiovasculaire geneesmiddelen Cardiotonica
Digitalis
digoxine, digitoxine, (ouabaine, ($-methyldigoxine))
verapamil (Isoptine®) (fenylalkylaminen), diltiazem (Tildiem®) (benzothiazepines), nifedipine (Adalat®), amlodipine (Amplor®) (dihydropyridines)
captopril, enalapril (Zenalflor®), benazepril (Fortekor®), ramipril (Vasotop®), imidapril (Prilium®) Sartanen
Geneesmiddelen welke het bloed en de bloedelementen beïnvloeden Bloedstolling
Algemene
vitamine K: K1=fytonadione, K2=menaquinone, K3=menadione; protamine
thrombine, microkristallijn collageen, gelatine spons (Gelfoam), geoxideerde cellulose (Oxycel)
natrium-oxalaat, natrium-citraat, Na2EDTA, natrium-heparine
coumarinederivaten: bishydroxycoumarine (Dicoumarol), 3-4-hydroxycoumarine (Warfarine)
ferro-zouten (ferrochloride, Fe2+-ascorbinezuurcomplex), ijzerdextraan
Farmaca met een invloed op het renaal systeem Diuretica
Koolzuuranhydraseremmers
Farmaca met een invloed op de ademhaling
acetylcysteïne (Mucomyst, Lysomucil), 5-carboxymethylcysteïne (Rhinatrol), bromhexine (Bisolvon), expectorantia (Ipeca, eucalyptus)
(efedrine, "-adrenerge imidazol-derivaten (nafazoline, oxymetazoline, tramazoline (Rhinospray)), beclomethason, chromoglicaat)
Farmaca met een invloed op het oog Miotica
parasympaticomimetica: acetylcholine, pilocarpine, carbachol, metacholine
cholinesterase-remmers: fysostigmine, neostigmine, demecarine, ecthiopaat, fluostigmine
parasympaticolytica: atropine, scopolamine, homatropine, cyclopentolaat, tropicamide
"-sympaticomimetica: adrenaline, fenylefrine, efedrine
osmotische diuretica: mannitol, glycerine
antibiotica, antiseptica, sulfonamiden: tetracyclines, macroliden, rifampicine, chloramfenicol, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosiden (neomycine, gentamycine, tobramycine), zilvernitraat anti-flogistica: glucocorticoïden: hydrocortisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone,
anti-allergica: cyclosporine (Optimune®) kunsttranen: methylcellulose, carbomeren (Vidisic®), polyacrylzuur,
varia: vit. A-D oogzalf, natriumhyaluronaat, virostatica (acyclovir, idoxuridine)
Farmaca met een invloed op het maagdarmstelsel Antacida
NaHCO3, CaCO3, magnesium (MgOH2, magnesiumtrisilicaat), aluminiumverbindingen (AlOH3)
bismuthverbindingen (colloidal bismuthsubcitraat, complex met citroenzuur), sucralfaat
butylhyoscine bromide (Buscopan Compositum®)
anti-cholinergica: scopolamine, atropine
H1-antihistaminica: dimenhydrinaat (Dramamine®), cinnarizine (Touristil®)
neuroleptica: fenothiazines, butyrofenonen
neurokinine-1 antagonisten: maropitant (Cerenia®) gastroprokinetica: betanechol, metoclopramide (Primperan®), domperidone (Motilium®), cisapride (Prepulsid®), 5-HT3-antagonisten (ondansetron (Zofran®)), H+/K+-ATP-ase
inhibitoren (omeprazole (Losec®/Logastric®), lansoprazole (Dakar®))
osmotisch actieve stiffen: natriumsulfaat, magnesiumsulfaat, lactalose (Tractonorm Lax®)
zwelmiddelen: lijnzaad, psylliumzaden, methylcellulose, zemelen
glijmiddelen: vloeibare paraffine, minerale oliën (bv. maïsolie)
contactlaxativa: ricinusolie, anthrachinonderivaten (Sennabladeren, rabarber, aloë)
laxativa voor rectaal gebruik: met natriumzout (Microlax) of natriumdocusaat (Norgine®)
absorbantia: actieve kool (Norit®), kaolin (aluminiumsilicaat), pectine
opioïdderivaten: difenoxylaat (Reasec®), loperamide (Imodium®)
nitrofuranen: nifuroxazide (Ercefuryl®)
Detergenten, antiseptica en desinfectantia (Detergenten
Anionische
Alcoholen: ethyl- (70%), isopropylalcohol (50%), methanol
chloor en anorganische verbindingen: Dakin, calciumhypochloriet (Ca(OCl)2),
natriumhypochloriet (NaOCl (javelwater))
organische chloorverbindingen: chlooramines, chloorhexidine (Hibitane®)
jodium en derivaten: jodiumtinctuur, jodoforen, povidone-jood (Iso-Betadine®), lugol
(Koolteerderivaten: fenol, chloroxylenol (Dettol®))
Anti-infectieuze chemotherapeutica Sulfonamiden
topicaal gebruik: sulfanilamide, sulfathiazol niet-resorbeerbare sulfa’s: sulfaguanidine, sulfathiazol en derivaten (succinylsulfathiazol), sulfasalazine middellangwerkende sulfa’s: pyrimidinesulfonamiden, sulfachlorpyrazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadimethoxine anti-coccidiale sulfa’s: sulfadimethoxine, sulfadimidine en sulfamerazine, sulfachlorpyrazine, sulfaclozine
trimethoprim, aditoprim, baquiloprim, (ormethoprim, pyrimethamine, diaveridine)
nitrofurantoine (Furadantine®), hydroxymethylnitrofurantoine (Urfadyn®)
nalidixinezuur en oxolinezuur fluoroquinolones: enrofloxacine, ciprofloxacine, norfloxacine, orfloxacine, perfloxacine, marbofloxacine, danofloxacine, difloxacine, sparfloxacine, themafloxacine
Antibiotica Antibiotica met hoofdzakelijk Gram+ spectrum
- smal werkingsspectrum: penicilline G (benzylpenicilline), penicilline V (phenoxymethyl penicilline) - penicillinase-resistente: methilcilline (dimethoxyphenylpenicilline), oxacilline, cloxacilline, dicloxacilline (isoxazolyl penicillines), nafcilline (ethoxynaphthamidopenicilline) - breed-spectrum: ampicilline ("-aminobenzylpenicilline), amoxicilline, pivampicilline (pro-drug) - uitgebreid breedspectrum: carbenicilline, ticarcilline, piperacilline
Groep 2: cefovecin, cefamandole, ceftiofur, cefquinome, cefalexine, cefachlor
clavulaanzuur, (sulbactam, tazobactam), Synulox ® (amoxicilline x clavulaanzuur)
erythromycine, oleandomycine, spiramycine, tylosine, tilmicosine, clarithromycine, azithromycine, roxithromycine (Ho), tulathromycine
Tiamulin: tiamulinbase (pe), tiamulinhydrofumaraat (po)
Antibiotica met hoofdzakelijk Gram- spectrum Aminoglycosiden
streptomycine, dihydrostreptomycine, neomycine, kanamycine, paromomycine, spectinomycine (aminocyclitol), gentamicine, apramycine, amikacine (Ho), tobramycine (Ho), netilmicine (Ho)
Antibiotica met een breedspectrum activiteit
tetracycline, (chloortetracycline), oxytetracycline, doxycycline
Ho: metacycline, (minocycline), clomocycline, lymecycline
Anti-protozoaire middelen Nitro-imidazolverbindingen
metronidazole, dimetridazole, carnidazole, ronidazole
sulfamezathine, sulfaquinoxaline, sulfamethoxine, sulfachlorpyrazine
monensin, lasalocid, narasin/salinomycine/maduramycine
Antimycotica Systemische antimycotica
Monosulfiram
Anthelmetica Wormmiddelen tegen nematoden
(thiabendazole), (mebendazole), flubendazole, fenbendazole, oxfendazole, albendazole, triclabendazole
avermectinen: ivermectine, (abamectine), doramectine, eprinomectine, selamectine
milbemycinen: moxidectine, milbemycine-oxime, emodepside
Praziquantel benzimidazolen: febendazole, oxfendazole, albendazole, pyrantel, mebendazole
Wormmiddelen tegen trematoden Salicylanilides
albendazole, luxabendazole, triclabendazole, netobimine
Anti-ectoparasitica Cholinesterase-remmers
Fosfaatesters
cythioaat, diazinon, crotoxyphos, dichloorvos, dimethoaat, fenithrotion, trichloorfon, fenthion, temefos, fosmet, foxim, chloorfenvinfos, tetrachloorvinfos
pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II, jasmolin I, jasmolin II, cinerine I, cinerine II
permethrine, allethrine, cypermethrine, deltamethrine, flumethrine, cyfluthrine
Source: http://studentonbekend.nl/studiehulp/samenvattingen/bijzondere-farmacologie_overzicht-farmaca.pdf
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