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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) All of the following statements concerning digestion are correct except
A) The major physical processes in digestion are mixing, softening and grinding of food.
B) Different foods are digested by different enzymes.
C) The major chemical reaction in digestion is enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of large molecules.
D) Digestion can be considered a catabolic process in which bulk food is broken down into E) Digestion begins in the stomach and is completed in the large intestine.
2) All of the following statements concerning digestion are correct except
A) The same enzymes are used in the digestion of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
B) The major physical processes in digestion are mixing, softening, and grinding of food.
C) The major chemical reaction in digestion is enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of large molecules.
D) Digestion begins in the mouth, continues in the stomach, and is completed in the small E) Digestion can be considered a catabolic process in which bulk food is broken down into 3) The target molecule(s) for α-amylase is (are) 4) Which of the following is not a product of digestion?
5) The most important goal of glucose metabolism is A) production of ATP as an energy source for all cells.
B) production of acetyl-SCoA for synthesis of lipids.
C) synthesis of glycogen for later use.
E) synthesis of carbon skeletons for amino acid production.
6) The pathway followed by glucose when energy is needed is 7) When a cell's need for NADPH or ribose-6-phosphate exceeds its need for ATP, 8) When energy is needed and adequate oxygen is available, pyruvate is converted to ________.
9) Which conversion is accomplished during glycolysis? 10) All of the following are reactions in the oxidation of glucose which produce energy except
B) oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-SCoA.
C) reaction of reduced coenzymes in the electron transport chain.
11) The major function of the pentose phosphate pathway when lipid synthesis is a priority is A) providing intermediates for the citric acid cycle.
C) providing intermediates for glycogenesis.
E) meeting the need for large amounts of ATP.
12) The major function of the pentose phosphate pathway when nucleic acid synthesis is a priority is A) providing intermediates for the citric acid cycle.
B) providing intermediates for glycogenesis.
E) meeting the need for large amounts of ATP.
13) All of the chemicals below are associated with the pentose phosphate pathway except
14) The most important monosaccharide for energy production is? SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
15) Classify each pathway of carbohydrate metabolism as anabolic or catabolic. Justify your MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
16) In the first step of glycolysis, the conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate is known as 17) Which of the following are produced as a net result of glycolysis? 18) The conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in the second step of glycolysis is 19) The chemical resulting from steps 3-5 of glycolysis which is oxidized in step 6 is 20) When ATP is produced by direct transfer of a phosphate group instead of from reactions coupled to electron transport, the process is referred to as ________ phosphorylation.
21) The products of glycolysis important in metabolism are 22) Steps 1-5 of glycolysis are referred to as the "energy investment" portion of the process because A) produce NADH which is less energy-rich than ATP.
B) generate waste products which cost ATP for disposal.
C) consume ATP instead of producing it.
D) involve several endergonic isomerizations.
23) The first step of glycolysis involves ________ to form ________.
24) Conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is a(n) ________.
25) Pyruvate is converted to lactate under anaerobic conditions because ________.
A) reduction of pyruvate provides NAD+ which is needed for glycolysis B) lactate is storage for of pyruvate for use later when more ATP is needed C) lactate releases oxygen upon conversion to acetyl-CoA D) reduction of pyruvate provides NADH which is needed for gluconeogenesis 26) The enzyme that catalyzes cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is ________.
27) Entry of monosaccharides other than glucose into the glycolysis pathway initially involves 28) Which chemical is produced from pyruvate when it is metabolized in muscle cells under aerobic 29) Which chemical is produced from pyruvate when it is metabolized in muscle cells under anaerobic 30) Which chemical is produced from pyruvate when it is metabolized by yeast cells? 31) The action of yeast on pyruvate is a process referred to as 32) The diseases identified as diabetes are primarily associated with a malfunction of the hormone 33) Which pathway converts glucose to its storage form in animals? 34) Hormones which regulate glucose metabolism are ________, ________, and ________.
35) Overproduction of insulin causes ________, a state in which the concentration of blood sugar is 36) A lack of insulin causes ________, a state in which the concentration of blood sugar is ________ 37) In an individual who is starving or fasting, the body meets its need for glucose first by the process of ________, and then by the process of ________.
38) When a person is deprived of food, in which order does the body use the following sources to I. protein breakdown to amino acids used for gluconeogenesis 40) Which pathway produces glucose from its storage form in animals? 41) Glycogen is most commonly found in ________ cells and ________ cells.
42) The process of making glucose from noncarbohydrates is known as 44) A high energy phosphate molecule involved in gluconeogenesis is ________.
MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
B) the conversion of glucose into pyruvate carbohydrate molecules containingphosphate groups and five carbon atoms D) the conversion of glycogen into glucose E) the conversion of glucose into glycogen 10) D11) B12) C13) C14) E15) Glycolysis is catabolic, because a large molecule is broken into smaller ones, with a net production of high-energy molecules.
Gluconeogenesis is anabolic because it is a synthesis reaction. It consumes energy as ATP and GTP.
Glycogenolysis is catabolic because it involves breaking larger molecules into smaller ones.
Glycogenesis is anabolic because it consumes energy in the form of UTP in order to build a larger molecule fromsmaller ones.
16) A17) B18) A19) B20) C21) A22) C23) C24) E25) A26) A27) B28) E29) D30) D31) B32) D33) A34) C35) C36) C37) C38) C39) D40) C41) B42) A43) B44) D45) A

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