C3749pos1-depression hrqol - ips - oct 2011 (v3.0).pub

Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life of Selecting Aripiprazole for Treatment of Depression:
Results from the National Health and Wellness Survey
Iftekhar Kalsekar, Ph.D.1, Jan-Samuel Wagner, B.S.3, Marco DiBonaventura, Ph.D.3, Jay Bates, Ph.D.1, Robert A. Forbes Ph.D.2, Tony Hebden, Ph.D.1
1Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA; 2Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA; 3Kantar Health, New York, NY, USA
ABSTRACT
METHODS (continued)
RESULTS (continued)
Introduction: Use of atypical antipsychotics (AA) in combination with an antidepressant is recommended as an
Table 2. Depression Treatment History Differences Between
Comparison between aripiprazole and quetiapine (continued)
augmentation strategy for patients with depression. However, there is a paucity of data comparing aripiprazole and other AAs „ Unadjusted differences between groups were examined using chi-square tests and independent-samples t-tests for „ When controlling for demographics and health characteristics, aripiprazole users reported significantly higher MCS scores categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Patients Taking Aripiprazole or
(33.91 vs. 31.41, p<0.05) and bodily pain (55.06 vs. 46.53, p<0.05), general health (49.89 vs. 43.72, p<0.05), and emotional role limitation domain scores (49.28 vs. 41.60, p<0.05) (see Figure 2). No differences on health utilities were Objective: To determine if there are differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between those patients who receive
„ Differences in HRQoL were also examined using General Linear Models (GLM), controlling for the demographics and Another Atypical to Treat Their Depression
aripiprazole compared to those who receive another AA for treatment of depression. health characteristics mentioned above. Adjusted means, which provide the mean HRQoL score when all covariates are set at the sample mean, were obtained through a least-squares algorithm. Aripiprazole
Other Atypical
Methods: Data were obtained from the 2009, 2010, and 2011 National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS), a
Figure 2. Adjusted HRQoL Scores of Patients Using Aripiprazole Versus Quetiapine
cross-sectional, Internet-based survey that is representative of the adult US population. Only those patients who reported „ All analyses were conducted in SAS v9.1 and the a priori cutoff for statistical significance was p<0.05. being diagnosed with depression by a physician and taking an antidepressant and AA for depression were included. Patients taking AA for less than 2 months or who were diagnosed with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia were excluded. Patients taking aripiprazole were compared with patients taking another atypical antipsychotic. HRQoL was assessed using the Variable
mental and physical component summaries of the Short Form 12-item (SF-12) health survey and the SF-6D health utility. Sample Characteristics
Higher scores indicate a better outcome with differences in component summary scores of 3.0 and health utility differences of Psychiatrist as Prescribing
„ There were a total of 255 patients taking aripiprazole (59.86%) and 171 patients taking another atypical antipsychotic 0.03 deemed clinical y meaningful. Statistical analyses controlled for demographic and health characteristics using General (40.14%). Of those taking another atypical antipsychotic, 11.11% were taking olanzapine (n=19), 74.27% were taking Physician
quetiapine (n=127), 8.19% were taking risperidone (n=14), and 6.43% were taking ziprasidone (n=11). Results: Of the overall sample (n=426) 59.9% took aripiprazole (n=255) and 40.1% (n=171) took another AA [olanzapine
Years Diagnosed with
„ Compared with other atypical antipsychotic users, patients on aripiprazole were general y similar demographically (see (n=19), quetiapine (n=127), risperidone (n=14) or ziprasidone (n=11)]. Mean scores for mental component summary (MCS) Table 1). Patients taking aripiprazole were significantly more likely to be from the South (p<0.05), on disability (p<0.05) or Depression
scores and bodily pain, general health and emotional role limitations (domains of the SF-12) were found to be significantly retired (p<0.05), and to currently have health insurance (p<0.05). These patients were also less likely to currently smoke higher (p < 0.05) for patients taking aripiprazole indicating better HRQoL compared to the combined group of other AA. After 1 - 5 years
controlling for demographic and health characteristics, patients taking aripiprazole reported significantly higher mean mental „ Patients on aripiprazole were also similar to other atypical antipsychotic users in regards to their prescribing physician SF-12 component summary (34.1 vs. 31.4, p<0.05), bodily pain (55.2 vs. 49.05, p<0.05), general health (50.1 vs. 43.1, 6 - 10 years
and the number of years they had been diagnosed with depression (see Table 2). However, aripiprazole patients were p<0.05), emotional role limitations (49.4 vs. 41.8, p<0.05), and SF-6D utility scores (0.59 vs. 0.56, p<0.05). 11 years or more
significantly more likely to be concomitantly treated with an SNRI (p<0.05). Conclusion: Comparison of patients taking aripiprazole with a cohort of patients using another AA for depression
Concomitant Treatments
demonstrated that aripiprazole was independently associated with better (both statistically and clinically) HRQoL and health Table 1. Demographic and Health Characteristic Differences Between
Patients Taking Aripiprazole or
Another Atypical To Treat Their Depression
16.23 <.0001
INTRODUCTION
Aripiprazole
Other Atypical
Variable
„ Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mental il ness with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 16% in the United States x2
Unadjusted health-related quality of life differences
„ By 2020, it is estimated that depressive disorders will rank as the second most costly set of diseases global y, in terms of „ Patients using aripiprazole reported significantly higher mean levels of mental component summary (MCS) scores (34.26 disability adjusted years (DALYs) lost (Donohue & Pincus 2007). Ethnicity
vs. 32.09, p<0.05) though no differences were observed on physical component summary (PCS) scores (42.05 vs. 40.14, „ Although many treatments are available, 2 out of 5 patients with clinical depression will not respond to treatment, even p=0.11). HRQoL was also higher for patients using aripiprazole in the domains of bodily pain scores (56.18 vs. 48.83, after they have completed a course of fourth-line therapy (Rush et al 2006). p<0.05), general health (49.92 vs. 42.95, p<0.05), and emotional role limitations (50.05 vs. 42.98, p<0.05). Differences in mean health utility scores were marginally significant (0.57 vs. 0.54, p=0.06). „ A number of randomized clinical trials have demonstrated the beneficial effects of olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, Hispanic
aripiprazole (Komossa et al 2010; Chen et al 2011) as augmentation treatments to current antidepressants. However, Adjusted health-related quality of life differences
direct comparisons among them are limited, particularly for patient-reported outcomes in a real-world environment (Chen „ After controlling for demographics and health characteristic variables, the directionality of the differences were similar to Married/Living with Partner
the unadjusted analysis, however the effect sizes increased (see Figure 1). Patients using aripiprazole reported significantly higher mean levels of mental component summary (MCS) scores (34.10 vs. 31.43, p<0.05). These patients also reported significantly greater HRQoL as measured by the bodily pain (55.19 vs. 49.05, p<0.05), general health OBJECTIVE
Northeast
(50.05 vs. 43.07, p<0.05), and emotional role limitation domain scores (49.44 vs. 41.83, p<0.05). Differences in mean MITATIONS
health utility scores were also significant (0.59 vs. 0.56, p<0.05). „ To examine differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between those patients who receive aripiprazole „ All data were self-reported so recall bias may have introduced additional error into the observed associations. compared to those who receive another AA for treatment of depression. Figure 1. Adjusted HRQoL Scores of Patients Using Aripiprazole Versus Other
Atypical Antipsychotics for Depression
„ Given the cross-sectional and non-randomized design of the study, causal inference cannot be determined. Although factors such as demographics, comorbidities, and health behaviors were controlled through multivariable modeling, it is Some College Education
possible that other unmeasured variables might explain the relationship between depression treatment and health (or Higher)
Data Source
„ This study used data from the 2009, 2010, and 2011 waves of the US National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS; Annual Household Income
„ It should also be emphasized that although the NHWS is demographically representative of the US population, the sample in the current study of depression patients may differ in meaningful ways that could affect the size and direction <$25K
„ The NHWS is a cross-sectional, internet-based survey of adults (aged 18+) which uses a stratified random sampling $25K to <$50K
framework to ensure representativeness of the US population (as assessed by the Current Population Survey of the US $50K to <$75K
CONCLUSION
$75K or more
Sample and Procedure
„ This study assessed the relative treatment effects of aripiprazole on HRQoL and health utility scores compared with „ All unique respondents who reported being diagnosed with depression by a physician and taking a combination of an Employment Status
olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone and ziprasidone, as part of combination therapy with antidepressants among patients antidepressant and an atypical antipsychotic for at least 2 months were included in the study. Patients experiencing Currently Employed
who self-reported a depression diagnosis. bipolar disorder or schizophrenia were excluded as were those with missing information regarding weight, income, or time Unemployed
„ The results of the current study suggest that patients using aripiprazole have significantly better (both statistically and On Disability
clinically) HRQoL and health utilities compared to patients using other atypical antipsychotics in a real-world „ The final sample included 426 patients, which included patients who were prescribed either aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, or ziprasidone.
Measures
Have Health Insurance
REFERENCES
Currently Smoke
„ Type of atypical antipsychotic: Patients taking aripiprazole and an antidepressant were compared with patients taking another atypical antipsychotic (olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, or ziprasidone) and an antidepressant. Exercise Behavior
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physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health, bodily pain, general health perceptions, vitality, social • Chen, J., K. Gao, et al. (2011). "Second-generation antipsychotics in major depressive disorder: update and clinical perspective." Curr functioning, role limitations due to emotional problems, and mental health. The health domains are summarized by two Ten or More Times a
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measures: the mental component summary (MCS) and physical component summary (PCS). Higher scores indicate a • Donohue, J. M. and H. A. Pincus (2007). "Reducing the societal burden of depression: a review of economic costs, quality of care and better outcome with differences in component summary scores of 3.0 deemed clinically meaningful. effects of treatment." Pharmacoeconomics 25(1): 7-24.
Currently Drink Alcohol
„ Health utility: The SF-6D, which is a preference based health utility index calculated from the SF-12, was also reported • Kessler, R. C., P. Berglund, et al. (2003). "The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Body Mass Index
(Brazier et al 2002). Scores vary from 0.29-1.00, where 1.00 indicates perfect health. Previous findings indicate the Survey Replication (NCS-R)." JAMA 289(23): 3095-3105.
SF-6D is sensitive to remission of depressive symptoms (Lenert 2000). Health utility differences of 0.03 are deemed Underweight/Normal
• Komossa, K., A. M. Depping, et al. (2010). "Second-generation antipsychotics for major depressive disorder and dysthymia." Coch- Comparison between aripiprazole and quetiapine
Overweight
• Lenert, L. A., C. D. Sherbourne, et al. (2000). "Estimation of utilities for the effects of depression from the SF-12." Med Care 38(7):
„ As the other AA cohort primarily consisted of patients using quetiapine (74.27%), a sub-analysis comparing aripiprazole „ Demographics and health characteristics: Age, gender, ethnicity/race, region of the US, marital status, educational and quetiapine users was conducted. The unadjusted results were very similar to the overal comparison between attainment, annual household income, employment status, insurance coverage, BMI, exercise behavior, alcohol aripiprazole users and atypical users. Significantly higher levels of MCS (34.26 vs. 31.91, p=0.041), bodily pain (56.18 • Rush, A. J., M. H. Trivedi, et al. (2006). "Acute and longer-term outcomes in depressed outpatients requiring one or several treatment consumption, tobacco smoking behavior, type of antidepressant (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), vs. 46.26, p=0.003), general health (49.92 vs. 43.78, p=0.045), mental health (41.57 vs. 36.81, p=0.048), and emotional steps: a STAR*D report." Am J Psychiatry 163(11): 1905-1917.
serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and other), type of prescriber, role limitations (50.05 vs. 42.62, p=0.018) were observed for patients using aripiprazole compared with patients using Charlson Comorbidity Index
Ware, J., Jr., M. Kosinski, et al. (1996). "A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability year surveyed, time since diagnosis, and the Charlson comorbidity index (Charlson et al., 1987) were assessed. and validity." Med Care 34(3): 220-233.
Supported by funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb 63rd Institute on Psychiatric Services (IPS); October 27-30, 2011; San Francisco, CA, USA

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