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Which of the following was not defined as clinical progression in the MTOPS Increase of 4 points in the AUA symptom score Involvement of the IVC with RCC occurs in What is the bladder outlet obstruction index for a man with a voided volume of 310mls, a Qmax of 13mls/sec and a pdet at Qmax of 90cmH20? Peritoneum can be assessed transvaginally through the da vinci robotic system degree of freedom Embryological origin of the transition zone Diagnostic modality of choice In a 5 years old child with Posterior urethral Valve All are causes of "pear shaped" Urinary Bladder except most common cause of obstructive azoospermia Which of the following is TRUE regarding outcomes for varicocele ligation? Improved semen parameters in about two thirds of patients No improvement in semen parameters in azoospermic patients After transurethral resection of the ejaculatory ducts, the patient develops retrograde ejaculation. What is the next step of management ? Most common cause of priapism in children Most common cause of premature ejaculation most common cause of urinary ascitis in children In a patient with a preexisting ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction, gross hematuria following trauma is usually due to- Laceration through the thinned renal cortex Indications for pretransplant native nephrectomy include all of the following most common cause of VVF in developing countries most common type of rejection seen in post renal transplant recepients What percentage of undescended testes are nonpalpable at presentation? What is the most common cause of micropenis? Creating an antireflux mechanism is most difficult with anastomosis to the- most common cause of retroperitoneal fibrosis lower urinary tract symptoms are uncommon hypertension occurs in upto 50% of patients Which of the following studies best for diagnosis of PUJO in a 10 years old boy Which of the following studies best predicts whether renal functional recovery will occur after reconstruction of an obstructed kidney? treatment of choice for 1 cm diverticular stone in kidney of a 30 yr old male Most common organism for community acquired UTI Which one of the following is Most common cause of painless recurrent hematuria Bone scan showing extensive metastasis in carcinoma prostate Xray pelvis showing extensive metastasis in carcinoma prostate MRI pelvis showing extensive metastasis in carcinoma prostate PET Scan showing Lung metastasis in carcinoma prostate Which vessels serve as macroscopic landmark to aid in the identification of the microscopic branches of the pelvic plexus? The entire spermatogenic process in humans requires how many days Primary genetic abnormality in low grade bladder cancer is associated with Which one of the following is not the ureterocolonic anastomosis? Patients with prostatitis, especially acute suppurative prostatitis,true is Should have residual urine measured by intermittent catheterization.
Should have bladder decompression by urethral catheter.
Should have repeated prostatic massage.
Should have no transurethral instrumentation if possible.
Urethral stricture commonly seen in straddle injury at Boundary of retroperitoneum are all except- Sacrospinalis and quadratus lumborum muscles Which statement regarding lumodorsal fascia is not correct- The lumbodorsal fascia originates from the spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae The posterior layer provides the posterior covering for the sacrospinalis muscle as well as the origin for the latissimus dorsi muscle As it progresses upward, it separates into three layers: posterior, middle, and anterior The anterior layer of the lumbodorsal fascia forms the anterior margin of the Lymphatic flow in retroperitoneum is in direction Which one of the following is not the sex accessory tissues- Which statement regarding dromedary hump is not correct- Focal renal parenchymal bulge along the kidney's lateral contour It is more common on the left than the right It is believed to be caused by downward pressure from the spleen or liver.
Orientation of the kidney is in what direction- Upper poles are situated more medially and posteriorly than the lower poles.
Upper poles are situated more laterally and posteriorly than the lower poles.
Upper poles are situated more medially and anteriorly than the lower poles.
Upper poles are situated more medially and anteriorly than the lower poles.
Permanent renal failure in adults is commonly defined as an irreversible To maximize fertility potential, orchidopexy for cryptorchidism should be done Within the age group 10 to 35 years, the incidence of carcinoma of the testis in Equal to that in the general population.
Five times greater than that in the general population.
Ten times greater than that in the general population.
Twenty times greater than that in the general population.
How much of ureteral defect can be bridged with boari flap- Which surgery is most commonly associated with ureteral injury Vessel that can cause troublesome bleeding during placement of pelvic In rupture of penile urethra extravasation will not spread to- Islands of benign-appearing urothelium situated in the lamina propria is termed bilateral anterior lenticonus is the usual eye manifestation sensory neural deafness usually to high tone first.
the pathological hallmark is progressive degeneration of the glomerular basement First human renal allograft was performed by All except show, significant probability of disease recurrence and the risk of Most common group of lymph node involved in bladder cancer is- Is principally a disease of young females Is associated with urinary frequency and urgency. May be corrected by surgically increasing the volume of the bladder.
Is a disease of aging produced by shortening of the urethra.
Which factor contributes to the profound diuresis and natriuresis in BUO When compared with TURP, open prostatectomy offers all the advantages except- More complete removal of the prostatic adenoma under direct vision Avoids the risk of dilutional hyponatremia Decreased potential for perioperative hemorrhage Greatest risk of ischemic renal injury is to- Which statement regarding genetics of bladder tumour is not correct 9q losses is assosiated with development of low grade superficial tumour High grade cancers are associated with p53 and chromosome 17 deletions Precise molecular analysis has been far from complete for chromosome 13 because most Abnormal expression of RB occur primarily in aggressive TCCs Primary hyperparathyroidism is the cause of nephrolithiasis in Not true regarding smoking and urinary bladder carcinoma is Higher number of p53 mutation occurs in smokers Risk correlates with number of cigarettes and duration of smoking Reduction of risk down to baseline occurs 5 years after cessation of smoking Cigarette smokers have up to a fourfold higher incidence of bladder cancer than do people Predisposing factors for squamous cell carcinoma are all except Most common malignancy-associated hypercalcemia is- The most common type of stone associated with distal RTA is Leydig cells of the testis are the major source of the testicular androgens.
Man undergoing bilateral simple orchiectomy is functionally castrate within 1 to 2 hours of Only 2% of the total serum testosterone is unbound (free testosterone) in the plasma Testosterone is the major form of androgen found within the prostate gland Which statement regarding 5 -reductase enzyme is not correct The type I enzyme is in the skin and in the adult scalp and is believed to be involved in hair The type I enzyme is the dominant isoform present in the prostate gland.
The type II enzyme appears in the basal cells of the epithelium and in the stromal cells The type II enzyme is absent in the secretory epithelial cells.
Most important pathogenetic factor for uric acid stone formation is- Most common organism associated with infection stones Risk of recurrence for first stone formers within the subsequent 10 years is Single most important test to delineate the nature renal mass is The risk of malignancy for category II renal cysts is- Upper urinary tract imaging is recommended in evaluation of men with LUTS in all Which statement is not true regarding HDN of pregnancy The left kidney becomes hydronephrotic more commonly than the right USG findings are hydroureteronephrosis extending to the pelvic brim.
MRU has been advocated as a noninvasive, nonradiating method of assessing those with The majority of patients with symptomatic hydronephrosis of pregnancy can be managed Which statement is not true regarding endometriosis- Endometriosis of the urinary tract is predominantly found in the bladder Eighty percent of ureteral endometriosis is intrinsic and primarily involves the distal ureter Significant portion of patients with ureteral endometriosis do not have genitourinary Paraneoplastic syndromes are found in how many patients with RCC Contraindications to a percutaneous endopyelotomy includes all except- During endopyelotomy incision should be made in which direction to avoid injury Aberrant or accessory lower pole vessels when found in association with the UPJ obstruction ,which is the best pyeloplasty option- Which pyeloplasty was originally designed for repair of PUJO with high insertion The Banff classification is accepted as the standard schema for diagnosing Renal trauma with >1 cm parenchymal depth of renal cortex without collecting Incidence of single artery entering testis is- Peak of testosterone occurs in the blood at all ages except Which one of the following statement regarding Blood testis barrier is correct? Spermatogonia and young spermatocytes are outside the blood-testis barrier in the Mature spermatocytes and spermatids are sequestered above the barrier in the basal The presence of germ cells is not necessary for the development of the barrier Testicular insult, such as biopsy, torsion, or trauma, will induce antisperm antibodies if the

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