Tadalafil gehört zur Gruppe der PDE5-Hemmer und wirkt über eine hochselektive Blockade des Enzyms Phosphodiesterase Typ 5. Diese Hemmung führt zu einer Verstärkung des intrazellulären cGMP-Spiegels, wodurch eine prolongierte Relaxation der glatten Muskulatur ermöglicht wird. Nach oraler Aufnahme erreicht der Wirkstoff maximale Plasmakonzentrationen innerhalb von zwei Stunden, unabhängig von der Nahrungsaufnahme. Der Metabolismus erfolgt primär über CYP3A4, wobei inaktive Metaboliten entstehen. Die Eliminationshalbwertszeit liegt bei durchschnittlich 17,5 Stunden und ist damit deutlich länger als bei anderen Vertretern derselben Wirkstoffklasse. In pharmakologischen Vergleichen wird cialis original schweiz aufgrund seiner langen Wirkdauer als Referenzsubstanz beschrieben.

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vuqnku la[;k 7 & jlk;u vkSj isVªks&jlk;u foHkkx
GRANT No. 7–DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICALS AND PETRO-CHEMICALS
Revenue:
iwathxr%
Capital:
Notes and comments
In the revenue section of the grant, savings vuqnku ds jktLo Hkkx esa] cprsa fuEufyf[kr eq[; occurred under the following major heads:- 2090.00 yk[k #- dk izkoèkku eq[; 'kh"kZ ^^2552** wholly unutilised in two cases under Major Head ds varxZr fuEufyf[kr 'kh"kksZa ds varxZr nks ekeyksa esa “2552” – under the following heads:- ¼dk½ ^^isVªks jlk;u m|ksx & vU; O;; & vle xSl Expenditure - Subsidy to Assam Gas Cracker Øsdj ifjlj dks vkfFkZd lgk;rk** & 1790.00 yk[k #-( ^^jlk;u ,oa vkS"kèk fuekZ.k m|ksx & nok rFkk “Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Industries:- Drugs & Pharmaceuticals- National Institute of vkS"kèk fuekZ.k & jk"Vªh; vkS"kèk fuekZ.k f'k{kk ,oa vuqlaèkku Pharmaceuticals Education & Research” - mi;qZDr nks 'kh"kksZa ds varxZr izkoèkku iwoksZÙkj {ks=k remained unutilised due to re-appropriation of vkSj flfDde ds ykHk ls lacafèkr Ldheksa ij mi;ksx ds funds to functional heads for utilisation on schemes fy, fufèk;ksa dk iqufoZfu;ksx dk;kZRed 'kh"kksZa dks fd, tkus for the benefit of North Eastern Region and eq[; 'kh"kZ ^^3451** & ^^lfpoky; & jlk;u vkSj Under Major Head “3451” – “Secretariat – isVªks&jlk;u foHkkx** ds varxZr 135.05 yk[k #- dh cpr Department of Chemicals and Petro-chemicals” -saving of Rs.135.05 lakhs (against the sanctioned ¼1179.00 yk[k #- ds LohÑr izkoèkku dh rqyuk esa½ provision of Rs.1179.00 lakhs) was due to non- izdk'ku ds fy, u, izLrkoksa ds izkIr u gksus vkSj X;kjgoha receipt of fresh proposals for publication and iapo"khZ; ;kstuk vkcaVu esa lexz deh fd, tkus ds dkj.k overall reduction in XIth Five Year Plan allocation.
eq[; 'kh"kZ ^^2852** ds varxZr cprsa fuEufyf[kr ¼dk½ ^^vkS"kèk fuekZ.k m|ksx & vU; O;;** & ¼d½ ^^dsanzh; IykfLVd bathfu;jh vkSj izkS|ksfxdh laLFkku** (a) “Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology” – saving of Rs.949.72 & 949.72 yk[k #- dh cpr ¼2376.00 yk[k lakhs (against the sanctioned provision of #- ds LohÑr izkoèkku dh rqyuk esa½ gqbZ( vkSj ¼[k½ ^^vle xSl Øsdj ifjlj dks vkfFkZd lgk;rk** (b) “Subsidy to Assam Gas Cracker Complex” - & 520.31 yk[k #- dh cpr ¼4263.00 yk[k saving of Rs.520.31 lakhs (against thesanctioned provision of Rs.4263.00 lakhs).
#- ds LohÑr izkoèkku dh rqyuk esa½ gqbZA mi;qZDr nks 'kh"kksZa ds varxZr cprsa X;kjgoha iapo"khZ; due to overall reduction in XIth Five Year Plan ;kstuk vkcaVu esa lexz deh fd, tkus ds dkj.k gqbZaA ¼[kk½ ^^jlk;u vkSj vkS"kèk fuekZ.k m|ksx** & ¼d½ ^^jlk;u vkSj dhVuk'kd & Hkksiky xSl foHkhf"kdk (a) “Chemicals and Pesticides – Bhopal Gas ¼nkok dk;Zokgh½ vfèkfu;e 1985** & 275.02 Leak Disaster (Processing of claims) Act,1985” – saving of Rs.275.02 lakhs (against yk[k #- dh cpr ¼725.00 yk[k #- ds LohÑr izkoèkku dh rqyuk esa½ Hkksiky xSl foHkhf"kdk ihfM+rksa ls de nkos izkIr gksus ds dkj.k gqbZA from Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster Victims.
¼[k½ ^^nok vkSj vkS"kèk fuekZ.k** & (i) ^^jk"Vªh; vkS"kèk fuekZ.k f'k{kk ,oa vuqlaèkku laLFkku** & (i) “National Institute of Pharmaceuticals 210.69 yk[k #- dh cpr ¼ekpZ] 2008 esa izkIr fd, x, 1.00 yk[k #- ds lkadsfrd iwjd vuqnku lfgr 4867.00 yk[k #- ds dqy LohÑr izkoèkku dh rqyuk esa½ X;kjgoha ipao"khZ; ;kstuk vkcaVu esa Rs.1.00 lakh obtained in March, 2008) wasdue to overall reduction in XIth Five Year (ii) ^^jk"Vªh; vkS"kèk fuekZ.k ewY; fuèkkZj.k izkfèkdj.k** & (ii) “National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority ds LohÑr izkoèkku dh rqyuk esa½ izfØ;kRed vkSipkfjdrkvksa dh otg ls ,dhÑr izcaèku lwpuk iz.kkyh lacaèkh daI;wVjhdj.k dh Ldhe dks vafre computerization on IntegratedManagement Information System owing to (iii) ^^vkS"kèk fu;kZr laoèkZu Ldhe** & 1634.58 yk[k (iii) “Pharmaceutical Export Promotion Scheme” – saving of Rs.1634.58 lakhs(against the sanctioned provision of izkoèkku dh rqyuk esa½ izfØ;kRed vkSipkfjdrkvksa dh otg ls QkekZ dh ubZ Ldheksa dks vafre :i vuqnku ds iwathxr Hkkx esa] dqy cprsa ¼322.98 overall savings(Rs.322.98 lakhs) constituted 13 yk[k #-½ ekpZ] 2008 esa izkIr fd, x, 2517.00 yk[k percent of the supplementary grant of Rs.2517.00 #- ds iwjd vuqnku dk 13 izfr'kr vkSj dqy LohÑr lakhs obtained in March, 2008 and 4 percent of izkoèkku dk 4 izfr'kr FkhaA vH;fiZr jkf'k ¼323.00 yk[k the total sanctioned provision. Amountsurrendered(Rs.323.00 lakhs) also exceeded the cprsa@vfèkd O;; fuEufyf[kr eq[; 'kh"kZ ds varxZr (I) Provision of Rs.202.00 lakhs remained wholly 202.00 yk[k #- dk izkoèkku pkj 'kh"kksZa ds varxZr ^^nok vkSj vkS"kèk fuekZ.k m|ksx & lkoZtfud {ks=k ds rFkk vU; miØeksa dks dtZ & fganqLrku ,aVhck;ksfVDl Industries – Loans to Public Sector and OtherUndertakings - Hindustan Antibiotics Ltd.” – the fy-** ds varxZr 101.00 yk[k #- ds ewy izkoèkku dks original provision of Rs.101.00 lakhs was 2017.00 yk[k #- dk iwjd vuqnku izkIr djds c<+kdj augmented to Rs.2118.00 lakhs by obtaining 2118.00 yk[k #- dj fn;k x;k] rFkkfi] tks fgUnqLrku supplementary grant of Rs.2017.00 lakhs which,however, remained unutilised to the extent of ,aVhck;ksfVDl fyfeVsM dh lsQkyksLiksfju ifj;kstuk ds fy, Rs.101.00 lakhs - due to less utilization of funds MCY;q,pvks & th,eih dEIysaV U;w ikmMj batsfDVcy lqfoèkkvksa ij fufèk;ksa dk de mi;ksx fd, tkus ds dkj.k injectable facilities for CEPHALOSPORIN Projectof Hindustan Antibiotics Limited.
^^jlk;u vkSj dhVuk'kd m|ksx & lkoZtfud {ks=k ds (III) Under “Chemicals and Pesticides Industries -Loans to Public Sector and Other Undertakings - vkSj vU; miØeksa dks dtZ & fganqLrku bUlsDVhlkbM~l Hindustan Insecticides Limited” - saving of fyfeVsM** ds varxZr 493.00 yk[k #- dh cpr ¼1343.00 Rs.493.00 lakhs (against the sanctioned provision yk[k #- ds LohÑr izkoèkku dh rqyuk esa½ LokLF; vkSj of Rs.1343.00 lakhs) was due to less utilisation ifjokj dY;k.k ea=kky; ls MhMhVh ds fy, vkfFkZd lgk;rk owing to receipt of subsidy for DDT from Ministryof Health and Family Welfare.
izkIr gksus dh otg ls de mi;ksx fd, tkus ds dkj.k gqbZA mi;qZDr cprsa ^^nok vkSj vkS"kèk fuekZ.k m|ksx & lkoZtfud {ks=k ds vkSj vU; miØeksa dks dtZ & bafM;u Industries- Loans to Public Sector and Other MªXl ,aM QkekZL;qfVDYl fy-** ds varxZRk vfèkd O;; }kjk Undertakings – Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals vkaf'kd :i ls izfrlarqfyr gks xbZa & 491.00 yk[k #- dk Limited” - excess of Rs.491.00 lakhs (against thesanctioned provision of Rs.2.00 lakhs) was due vfèkd O;; ¼2.00 yk[k #- ds LohÑr izkoèkku dh rqyuk to urgent requirement for mandatory schedule – esa½ vfuok;Z vuqlwph & ,e dh bafM;u MªXl ,aM QkekZL;qfVDYl fy- ds vuqikyu ds fy, rRdky vko';drk gksus ds dkj.k

Source: http://cga.nic.in/writereaddata/Grant7-1.pdf